14,00,000 infants in India die prematurely per year due to pollution. Injustice.
Children suffer from reduced IQ levels which lowers their future socioeconomic status due to long term lead exposure. Injustice.
Traffic constables and rickshaw drivers are suffering from chronic respiratory symptoms. Injustice.
Rachel Carson, the author of Silent Spring, said, ’’ For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death’’.
Ofcourse, quality of life is much more than good health.
Let’s look at the standards to assess quality of life.
The NGO Social Progress Imperative that announced a list of countries with highest quality of life used three main indexes
Basic Human Needs, which includes medical care, sanitation, and shelter.
Foundations of Wellbeing, which covers education, access to technology, and life expectancy.
Opportunity, which looks at personal rights, freedom of choice, and general tolerance.
The list suggests that it takes more than a strong GDP per capita for a good quality of life. Even so, all the top 10 countries are developed nations. Clearly, development facilitates a good quality life.
Environmental conservation and development are seen as conflictual, but I see them as symbiotic.
I am going to explain the why and how of this proposition.
Let’s see the why:
The betterment in quality of life due to infrastructural, medical , educational and scientific developments among others, commands appreciation.
Similarly, environment conservation fosters good health, increased agricultural productivity and ecological diversity. Thus, indirectly strengthening equitable economic development. Ramchandra Guha justifiably said, Ecology is Economy.
As development and environment conservation serve us plausible functions we must blend the best of both.
We can deduce this philosophically. Hegal’s dialectics sees an idea as a thesis. The idea’s imperfect manifestations gives rise to the a conflicting idea or anti-thesis. A third point of view, a synthesis, arises from this conflict. It overcomes the conflict by reconciling the truths in the thesis and antithesis at a higher level. Further, the synthesis becomes a thesis.
Consider the traditional form of development as thesis. Environmental protection appears as the anti-thesis and sustainable development emerges as the synthesis. Which in turn will become a thesis.
Problems arise perpetually, but we can improve the quality of these problems. As Martin Luther King, Jr. said, “We must accept finite disappointment, but never lose infinite hope”.
How to go about this approach?
The way forward is to develop connection of people with their land, nature and institutions i.e. ‘Consciousness of the place‘. Inclusive and democratic participation of locals is an urgency. We need to build a ‘globalization from the bottom‘ by working with the locals and nature in such a way that they are protected from the ill effects of globalization. Socio-environmental negative externalities must be taken care of in the planning stage of product and process making.
As required, State support needs to be demanded. Here is an example of local cooperation aiming to tackle pollution but facing a legal challenge. Iron ore mining causes tuberculosis and cancer. It makes agriculture unavailable. Thus, in Caurem village in the eco sensitive Goa, Sadhana multipurpose co-operative society ltd. aims to launch sustainable mining. But, this needs amendment to Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015.
In a democracy, popular demand for environmental conservation is cardinal to resolve such challenges. For a strong welfare state, a strong intellectual life is indispensable. Universities must facilitate critical thinking. Social Science educational reform will put masses in sync with reality. Poverty and environment are always at work. Indian middle class is too busy indulging in consumerism, to deal with a ticking time bomb i.e. climate change. We buy and throw. Buy and throw. Buy and throw.
The above approach involves economic, educational, environmental, social and political empowerment of people and strengthening of laws and their enforcement. This, in itself is comprehensive and participatory sustainable development for an improved quality of life.